MARYLAND AT A GLANCE

WATERWAYS

LIGHTHOUSES

[photo, Seven-Foot Knoll Lighthouse (Historic Ships in Baltimore), Inner Harbor, Baltimore, Maryland] Lighthouses are structures built on or near shore that produce a beam of light, marking coastlines, underwater dangers, or harbor entrances, as a navigational aid for sailors. Lighthouses are found in Maryland's rivers and the Chesapeake Bay. Early lighthouses were simple and inexpensive. Some were built as integral lighthouses (houses with enclosed lights on top), while others were towers. Later, lighthouses tended to be more elaborate and therefore more expensive.

Seven-Foot Knoll Lighthouse (Historic Ships in Baltimore), Inner Harbor, Baltimore, Maryland, June 2015. Photo by Sarah A. Hanks.

Screw-pile lighthouses were structures perched on iron piles or stilts that were screwed into the sea floor, while caisson lighthouses displayed towers built atop round, hollow waterproof shells that were sunk to the bottom and filled with sand or concrete.
[photo, Lightship 116 Chesapeake (Historic Ships in Baltimore), Pier 3, Inner Harbor, Baltimore, Maryland] Lightships were ships that acted as lighthouses. They had a light mounted on a tall mast and later vessels were usually painted bright red with the station name in white letters. They were multi-functional, as they could be stationed in both shallow and deep waters and could be moved according to need.

Lightship 116 Chesapeake (Historic Ships in Baltimore), Pier 3, Inner Harbor, Baltimore, Maryland, July 2015. Photo by Sarah A. Hanks.

[photo, Green-lighted buoy, marking port (left) side of Baltimore Harbor channel for incoming vessels, Baltimore, Maryland] Buoys, like lighthouses, serve as aids to navigation (ATON) for mariners. Usually anchored in place, buoys are floating iron markers that indicate sea lanes, mooring locations, speed limits, as well as underwater hazards, such as rocks, shoals, and wrecks.

Green-lighted buoy, marking port (left) side of Baltimore Harbor channel for incoming vessels, Baltimore, Maryland, July 2015. Photo by Sarah A. Hanks.

Using the Lateral System, buoys are arranged by color, shape, number, and whether they have a light. Nun buoys are red, cylindrical, and have even numbers. They mark the starboard (right) side of the channel for vessels returning to land (thus the "3R" rule: "red, right, returning"). Can buoys are green, can-shaped, and have odd numbers. They indicate the port (left) side of the channel for incoming vessels. Lighted buoys usually are found in deeper water and their body and light color vary depending on their location. When they are green (including the light), they perform the same duties as can buoys, marking the port side of a channel for incoming vessels; if red, they mark the starboard side, like nun buoys. If buoys are red and green, the top color (with matching light, if present) indicates the preferred channel, and they may have letters.

Safe water marks indicate navigable water all around and they are red and white and may have a white light and sound device, as well as letters. Isolated danger marks are anchored on or near hidden dangers and they are black with red bands and they may have a white light and letters. Special Aids, yellow buoys with or without yellow lights and letters, alert mariners to nets, cables, jetties, military exercise areas, and other special areas. Mooring buoys are white with a blue band and they may have a white light or reflector.

[photo, Hooper Straight Lighthouse, Chesapeake Bay Maritime Museum, St. Michaels, Maryland] Under contract for the United States government, John Donahoo (1786–1858) of Havre de Grace built twelve of Maryland's lighthouses. These include the Blakistone Island Lighthouse, Clay Island Lighthouse, Concord Point Lighthouse, Cove Point Lighthouse, Fishing Battery Light, Fog Point Lighthouse, Lazaretto Point Lighthouse, Piney Point Lighthouse, Point Lookout Light, Pooles Island Light, Thomas Point Shoal Lighthouse, and the Turkey Point Lighthouse.

Hooper Strait Light at Chesapeake Bay Maritime Museum, St. Michaels (Talbot County), Maryland, February 2005. Photo by Diane F. Evartt.

MARYLAND LIGHTHOUSES
(by county)

 ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY
BALTIMORE CITY

[photo, Fort McHenry Channel Range Front Light, Fort McHenry National Monument and Historic Shrine, Baltimore, Maryland]

  • Fort McHenry Channel Range Front Light (Skeleton tower)
    First lit in 1913 (current structure in 1934)
  • Fort McHenry Channel Range Rear Light (Skeleton tower)
    First lit in 1934 (current structure in 1963)
  • Hawkins Point Lighthouse [also known as Brewerton Range Front Light] (Screw-pile lighthouse)
    First lit in 1868
    Deactivated in 1924 (replaced with skeleton tower)
    Dismantled

    • Fort McHenry Channel Range Front Light, Fort McHenry National Monument & Historic Shrine, Baltimore, Maryland, June 2015. Photo by Sarah A. Hanks.

    [photo, Lazaretto Point Lighthouse replica, Baltimore, Maryland]

    Lazaretto Point Lighthouse replica, Baltimore, Maryland, July 2015. Photo by Sarah A. Hanks.

    [photo, Lightship 116 Chesapeake (Historic Ships in Baltimore), Pier 3, Inner Harbor, Baltimore, Maryland]
  • Lightship 116 Chesapeake
    Commissioned in 1930
    Decommissioned in 1971

    • Lightship 116 Chesapeake (Historic Ships in Baltimore), Pier 3, Inner Harbor, Baltimore, Maryland, July 2015. Photo by Sarah A. Hanks.

    [photo, Seven-Foot Knoll Lighthouse (Historic Ships in Baltimore), Inner Harbor, Baltimore, Maryland]
  • Seven-Foot Knoll Lighthouse (Screw-pile lighthouse - oldest screw-pile lighthouse in Maryland)
    First lit in 1855 (replaced Bodkin Island Light)
    Automated in 1949
    Deactivated in 1988
    Relocated to Baltimore's Inner Harbor (originally located at mouth of Patapsco River, Anne Arundel County)

    • Seven-Foot Knoll Lighthouse (Historic Ships in Baltimore), Inner Harbor, Baltimore, Maryland, June 2015. Photo by Sarah A. Hanks.

    BALTIMORE COUNTY

    CALVERT COUNTY

    CECIL COUNTY

    CHARLES COUNTY

    DORCHESTER COUNTY

    HARFORD COUNTY

    [photo, Concord Point Lighthouse, 700 Concord St., Havre de Grace, Maryland]
  • Concord Point Lighthouse (northernmost lighthouse in Chesapeake Bay) (Tower lighthouse)

    • Concord Point Lighthouse, 700 Concord St., Havre de Grace Maryland, June 2015. Photo by Sarah A. Hanks.

    [photo, Concord Point Lighthouse Keeper's House, 700 Concord St., Havre de Grace, Maryland]

    Concord Point Lighthouse Keeper's House, 700 Concord St., Havre de Grace Maryland, June 2015. Photo by Sarah A. Hanks.

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